Causes of Arch Pain

The arch of the foot is composed of the longitudinal arch, running the length of the foot, and the transverse arch, which runs the width of the foot. The arch of the foot is comprised of 24 bones, fitting together by the structure of the bones and with fibrous tissues called ligaments that hold everything in place. The muscles of the foot, along with a large ligament called the plantar fascia, provide the secondary support to the foot.

The arch of the foot is the primary structure that allows the body to absorb and return the force from standing, walking, running, jumping and everything else you do. Many different things, such as direct force trauma, muscle strains, stress fractures, ligament sprains, overuse injuries or joint problems, can cause arch pain.

The most common cause of arch pain is inflammation of the tissues in the midfoot. A main component of the arch is a tight band, connecting the heel to the toes, called the plantar fascia. The plantar fascia is important for the transfer of weight from the heel to the toes. When the plantar fascia becomes inflamed, simple movements can become extremely painful, causing heel pain and arch pain.

Sprains, strains, bruises, and fractures can be the result of a single stress or a combination of direct force trauma. Direct force trauma injury could be someone stepping on your foot, which would result in a bruise. Direct force trauma can also damage the primary bones and secondary muscular structure of the arch. Sometimes lower leg injuries can cause arch pain since many of the muscles of the lower leg attach on or near the arch. If not taken care of, lower leg injury can lead to improper biomechanics of the feet and cause arch pain.

The bones of the arch can be injured from a single trauma or a repetitive trauma, also know as an overuse injury, both of which can result in a stress fracture. A sprain of the arch happens when the ligaments are overstretched and tear; muscles in the foot can also be strained by overuse, overstretching and overloading most often happening from a single trauma.

Acute and chronic arthritis, plantar fasciitis and stress fractures are almost always caused by repetitive use injuries. A repetitive use injury is causes when the structures of the body are stressed and re-stressed to the point that pain and damage occurs. Repetitive use injuries are commonly causes by running, either on surfaces that are too soft or too hard, shoes that have poor shock absorption, and too much exercise, whether it is going too long or too hard during exercise.

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